古彩戏法：南宋遗风，人间魔术的艺术传承
“四面管瞧,八面管看”,即便警察亲自上手锁住魔术师的双手,魔术师仍能瞬间逃脱,手法之快,令人瞠目结舌,无论如何目不转睛,都难以捕捉其间的破绽;八枚铜板,分置于双手之中,魔术师轻轻一吹,铜板的数量便在掌中神奇变换;一个空心的球轻松穿过两根绳索,一名观众紧握并打上死结,然而只需轻巧一转,绳索与空心球便魔术般地分离开来。更令人称奇的是,隔着瓷碗,球体便能在无形中任意转换,令人目不暇接。
Watch from all sides, watch from all eight sides. "Even if the police personally lock the magician's hands, the magician can still escape in an instant. The speed of the technique is astonishing, and no matter how hard it is to stare, it is difficult to capture the flaws in between; Eight copper coins, placed in each hand, the magician gently blows them, and the number of coins magically changes in his palm; A hollow ball easily passes through two ropes, and an audience member tightly grips and ties a knot. However, with just a light turn, the rope and hollow ball magically separate. What's even more amazing is that through the porcelain bowl, the sphere can transform invisibly, making it dazzling.
这些令人拍案叫绝的表演,皆源自中国古彩戏法。“八仙过海”、“金蝉脱壳”、“三仙归洞”……这些寓意美好的节目名称背后,凝聚着无数艺术家的智慧与心血。
These awe inspiring performances all stem from ancient Chinese color tricks. "The Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea", "The Golden Cicada Pulls out of its Shell", "The Three Immortals Return to the Cave"... Behind these program names, which symbolize beauty, there are countless artists' wisdom and painstaking efforts.
古彩戏法,承载着两千多年的历史沉淀,它源于生活,所用道具皆取自日常。而这些传承千年的戏法,正是对生活艺术的提炼与升华。2011年,古彩戏法荣登国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录,跻身首批文化遗产传承项目之列。这一源远流长的民间艺术,其根源可追溯至南宋年间。自那时起,无论是在杭州的瓦肆、市井街头,还是各类庆典的堂会上,古彩戏法无处不在。表演者们通常身着传统长袍,携带鱼缸、瓷碗、花瓶、火盆等道具,其表演内容富含中国民俗元素,寓意着吉祥与喜庆,如“吉庆有余”、“瓶升三戟”等。
Ancient color magic, carrying over two thousand years of historical accumulation, originates from life and uses props from daily life. And these tricks that have been passed down for thousands of years are precisely the refinement and sublimation of the art of life. In 2011, Gu Cai Jue was listed as a representative project of national intangible cultural heritage and was included in the first batch of cultural heritage inheritance projects. This long-standing folk art can be traced back to the Southern Song Dynasty. Since then, ancient color tricks have been everywhere, whether in the tile houses, streets, or various celebratory gatherings in Hangzhou. Performers usually wear traditional long robes and carry props such as fish tanks, porcelain bowls, vases, and fire pots. Their performances are rich in Chinese folk elements, symbolizing auspiciousness and celebration, such as "auspicious surplus" and "three halberds rising from a bottle".
作为老北京老天桥义合堂古彩戏法的第四代传人,郭淑芬老师拥有着丰富的舞台经验。去年十月,她在湖南洪江古城开展了为期八天的精彩演出。在春节期间,她也活跃在各大庙会的舞台上。在海南海口冯小刚电影公社,她连续数月献艺,每日三场,场场爆满。除此之外,郭老师还在北京大观园、园博园、通州大运河、龙潭湖、地坛庙会等地进行了巡回演出。平日里,她则在充满老北京风情的餐厅中演出,如四世同堂、北平三兄弟、烤鸭店、鼓楼四合院等地方都能见到她的身影。郭老师说:“古彩戏法没有固定的演出场所,属于曲艺类的节目,常与相声、快板、单弦大鼓、中翻、摔跤等民族艺术形式同台演出。”
As the fourth generation descendant of the ancient color magic of Yihetang in Tiantianqiao, Beijing, Teacher Guo Shufen has rich stage experience. Last October, she held an eight day wonderful performance in Hongjiang Ancient City, Hunan. During the Spring Festival, she was also active on the stage of various temple fairs. At the Feng Xiaogang Film Commune in Haikou, Hainan, she has been performing for several months, with three shows every day and every show being sold out. In addition, Teacher Guo also conducted touring performances in Beijing's Grand View Garden, Garden Expo Garden, Tongzhou Grand Canal, Longtan Lake, Ditan Temple Fair, and other places. On weekdays, she performs in restaurants full of old Beijing style, such as Four Generations Under One Roof, Three Brothers in Beiping, Roast Duck Restaurant, Drum Tower Courtyard and other places where her figure can be seen. Teacher Guo said, "There is no fixed performance venue for ancient color magic. It belongs to the category of folk arts and is often performed on the same stage as ethnic art forms such as cross-talk, clapper, single string drum, Chinese opera, and wrestling
“我们师兄弟十人,差不多都是带艺拜师,师傅见我又能唱戏曲又唱单弦大鼓,从小就是杂技演员,就追着我说学古典戏法魔术吧,以后提个魔术箱自己就能演。师傅希望我们能够认真学,并能学出来。所以说老师找徒弟,徒弟找师傅,也要看对眼,有一定的缘份,才能成为一家人,师徒如父子,一辈子的家人。” 郭淑芬老师谈及自己的学习经历和与古彩戏法的不解之缘时,深信一位好的师傅是学习成功的关键。自幼便展现出表演天赋的郭淑芬,在师傅的悉心指导下,迅速掌握了所需的技巧,并能在舞台上自如地表演。
We are ten brothers in the same class, almost all of whom are apprentices. When my master saw me, he could sing opera and single string drums. I was an acrobat since I was young, and my master chased after me, saying that I should learn classical magic tricks. In the future, I can perform them myself with a magic box, which shows that my master hopes that we can learn seriously and master them. Therefore, when teachers find apprentices and apprentices find masters, we must look at each other and have a certain fate to become a family. Masters and apprentices are like father and son, a lifelong family. "Teacher Guo Shufen talked about her learning experience and her inexplicable relationship with ancient color magic tricks, deeply believing that a good master is the key to learning success. Guo Shufen, who has shown her talent for performance since childhood, quickly mastered the necessary skills under the careful guidance of her master and was able to perform freely on stage.
来自塞尔维亚的北京第二外国语学院留学生优玩娜,来到了王玊玉非物质文化遗产艺术工作室,深入探索古彩戏法的文化底蕴和历史传承。在这里,郭淑芬老师向她展示了一项古彩戏法的经典节目:“三仙归洞”(亦称“仙人摘豆”)。首先,郭老师拿出了三个碗和三个小球,在优玩娜仔细检查并确认碗无任何机关后,她将三个小球分别放置在桌面上。郭老师一边示范一边讲解:“放在这里,然后把这个扣上。”她将一个碗覆盖在一个小球上。接着,她又说道:“再把这个盖上。”另一个碗随即盖住了第二个小球。最后一个小球则被郭老师握在手中,她接着说:“拿在手里,看好了!”话音刚落,她用手中的小球轻轻拍打其中一个碗,并问道:“看到了吗?”当她再次揭开碗时,原本只有一个球的小碗中奇迹般地变出了两个小球。
Jovana, an international student from Beijing International Studies University in Serbia, came to Wang Yuyu's Intangible Cultural Heritage Art Studio to explore the cultural heritage and historical inheritance of ancient color tricks. Here, Teacher Guo Shufen showed her a classic program of ancient color magic: "Three Immortals Returning to the Cave" (also known as "Immortals Picking Beans"). Firstly, Teacher Guo took out three bowls and three small balls. After Jovana carefully checked and confirmed that the bowls had no mechanism, she placed the three small balls on the table separately. Teacher Guo demonstrated and explained, "Put it here and fasten it." She covered a bowl with a small ball. Then she said, 'Cover this again.' Another bowl immediately covered the second ball. The last small ball was held by Teacher Guo in her hand, and she continued, "Hold it in your hand, watch it!" As soon as she finished speaking, she gently tapped one of the bowls with the small ball in her hand and asked, "Did you see it?" When she opened the bowl again, two small balls miraculously appeared in the small bowl that originally had only one ball.
随后,郭老师再次将碗扣上,拿起一根小棍在桌上划了一条线,直通另一个装有小球的小碗。“看好了!”她再次说道。当她揭开这个小碗时,里面竟然空无一物,而三个小球却巧妙地聚集在了另一个碗里。这一神奇的变化令留学生优玩娜连连赞叹,不禁对古彩戏法的魅力和郭淑芬老师的技艺表示由衷的敬佩。
Subsequently, Teacher Guo once again fastened the bowl and picked up a small stick to draw a line on the table, leading straight to another small bowl containing a small ball. Watch it out! "She said again. When she opened the small bowl, it was surprisingly empty, and three small balls cleverly gathered in another bowl. This magical change has impressed international student Youwana repeatedly, and she cannot help but express sincere admiration for the charm of ancient color magic and the skills of teacher Guo Shufen
留学生优玩娜和老师学习了这一出三仙归洞,并表示:“这只是古彩戏法中较为简单的一项,可是想学会的话,也需要不少时间。”
International student Jovana and her teacher learned about the Three Immortals Returning to the Cave and said, "This is just one of the simpler ancient magic tricks, but if you want to learn it, it will take a lot of time
关于古彩戏法的传承问题,郭淑芬老师如是说:“我希望自己能将这个历史文化遗产传承下去,绝不能让它在我们这一代手中断绝。我欢迎中外学生都来观赏和学习古彩戏法,同时,我也一直在物色人才。虽然我已经教授了几位学生,但寻找最适合的徒弟并非易事,得是这块材料才行。岁数大的或许能够更加专注和努力,而岁数小的往往因为受到网络的影响,学习过程中容易半途而废。因此,向下传承确实存在着一定的困难。毕竟,单靠演出不能养活家庭,所以只能把技艺当作爱好,这使得长期的传承面临挑战。”
Regarding the issue of inheriting ancient color tricks, Professor Guo Shufen said, "I hope to pass on this historical and cultural heritage, and I must not let it be cut off in our generation. I welcome students from both China and abroad to come and learn ancient color tricks, and at the same time, I have been searching for talents. Although I have taught several students, finding the most suitable apprentice is not an easy task. It takes this material to do it. Older people may be able to focus and work harder, while younger ones are often influenced by the internet and may give up halfway through the learning process. Therefore, there are indeed certain difficulties in passing it down. After all, performing alone cannot support families, so skills can only be regarded as hobbies, which makes long-term learning difficult. Inheritance faces challenges
这不仅是古彩戏法所面临的问题,也是我国众多非物质文化遗产传承中普遍存在的问题。这些挑战和困境,虽然令人忧虑,但郭淑芬老师和其他非遗传承人的坚持与努力,让我们看到了希望。只要社会各界共同努力,这些宝贵的文化遗产必将在新时代绽放出新的光彩。
This is not only a problem faced by ancient magic tricks, but also a common problem in the inheritance of many intangible cultural heritages in China. Although these challenges and difficulties are worrying, the persistence and efforts of Teacher Guo Shufen and other inheritors of intangible cultural heritage have given us hope. As long as all sectors of society work together, these precious cultural heritages will surely shine with new brilliance in the new era.
