【医在中国Q＆A·开栏语】

Healthcare in China Q&A: Opening words

过去5年，中国医疗体系迎来深刻变革：中国人均预期寿命达到79岁，基本医保覆盖超13亿人，药品价格显著下降，远程医疗几乎实现县域全覆盖。即日起，中国网开设《医在中国Q＆A》系列问答栏目，聚焦医疗变革背后的制度创新，解读中国在分级诊疗、中医药发展、公共卫生应急等领域的实践，为全球公共卫生治理提供中国方案。

Over the past five years, China's healthcare system has undergone profound transformations: the average life expectancy of Chinese people has reached 79 years, basic medical insurance now covers more than 1.3 billion people, drug prices have significantly decreased, and telemedicine services have reached almost all areas at the county level.

Today, China.com.cn launches the “Healthcare in China Q&A” series, which focuses on the institutional innovations behind these changes. The series will interpret China’s practices in areas such as the hierarchical medical system, the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and public health emergency, to offer Chinese solutions for global public health governance. 

医在中国Q&A丨面对重点传染病，中国进行了哪些实践？

Healthcare in China Q&A | What has China done in combating major infectious diseases?

中国始终坚持以人民为中心。疾病预防控制体系是保护人民健康、保障公共卫生安全、维护经济社会稳定的重要保障。过去五年，中国疾控体系系统重塑、快速发展，核心能力实现跨越式提升。面对重点传染病，中国的防控措施效果怎样？如何做到有效监测，信息通达？中国在全球公共卫生治理与疾病防控中进行了哪些实践？中国经验是否具有可复制性？

China has always adhered to a people-centered philosophy. The disease prevention and control system serves as a critical safeguard for protecting people’s health, ensuring public health security, and maintaining economic and social stability.

Over the past five years, the China’s system of the control and prevention of diseases has undergone systematic restructuring and rapid development, achieving leapfrog improvements in essential capabilities.

In combating major infectious diseases, how effective have China’s containment measures been? How has China managed to achieve efficient monitoring and information transparency? What has China contributed to global public health governance and disease prevention? And, is China’s experience replicable?

Q1：中国防控了哪些重点传染病，效果怎样？

Q1:What major infectious diseases has China controlled, and how effective has it been?

A：中国坚持贯彻防控艾滋病、结核病、麻风病、鼠疫、寄生虫病等专项措施。当前，中国的艾滋病疫情持续控制在低流行水平，经血和血制品传播基本阻断，母婴传播和注射吸毒传播降至历史最低水平。结核病发病率持续下降，死亡率保持在较低水平。病毒性肝炎新发感染者人数大幅减少。重点寄生虫病经过控制和消除，发病水平降至历史最低，中国成为30多年来世界卫生组织西太平洋地区第一个获得无疟疾认证的国家。中国还优化了百白破疫苗免疫程序，并将HPV疫苗纳入国家免疫规划,为适龄女性免费接种双价HPV疫苗。

China consistently implements specialized measures for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), leprosy, plague, and parasitic diseases. Currently, the HIV /AIDS epidemic in China remains at a low prevalence level, with transmission through blood and blood products essentially blocked, and mother-to-child transmission and the transmission through the injection of drug have dropped to their lowest levels in history.

The incidence rate of TB continues to decline, with mortality rates maintained at a low level. The number of new cases of viral hepatitis has significantly decreased. Through control and elimination efforts, the incidence of key parasitic diseases has fallen to its historic low, and China has become the first country in the Western Pacific Region to receive the WHO malaria-free certification in over 30 years.

China has also optimized the immunization protocol for the DTP (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis) vaccine and incorporated the HPV vaccine into the national immunization program, providing free bivalent HPV vaccinations for eligible women.

Q2：对于重点传染病，中国如何做到有效检测，信息通达？

Q2：How does China achieve effective detection and information circulation for major infectious diseases?

A：预防是最经济最有效的健康策略。中国持续完善重要病毒性传染病实验室网络、致病菌识别网络，国家层面建立了72小时内快速鉴定300种病原体的技术体系，100%的省级和90%的市级疾控中心具备核酸检测和病毒分离能力。在国际上，中国率先开展呼吸道感染、腹泻等五大症候群多病原监测。实行“多病种同监测、一样本多检测”，监测效率显著提升。目前，国家传染病智能监测预警前置软件在全国二级及以上医疗机构的初步部署应用率达到93.7%。传染病监测系统覆盖面的进一步扩大，使监测渠道拓展至病原微生物实验室、病媒生物和城市污水监测站点，病媒生物监测覆盖生态学、病原学和抗药性监测，有效保障了信息通达。

Prevention is the most economical and effective health strategy. China has continuously improved its laboratory networks for major viral infectious diseases and pathogen identification networks. At the national level, a technical system capable of rapidly identifying 300 pathogens within 72 hours has been established. Also, 100 percent of provincial-level and 90 percent of municipal-level centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) possess the capacities for nucleic acid testing and virus isolation.

China has taken the lead internationally in conducting the multi-pathogen surveillance for five major syndromes, including respiratory infections and diarrhea. The “simultaneous surveillance of multi-disease and multi-testing of single samples” practices have significantly improved in terms of monitoring efficiency. Currently, the preliminary deployment and application rate of the national intelligent infectious disease surveillance and early warning front-end software has reached 93.7 percent in secondary-and-above medical institutions across the country.

The further expansion of the infectious disease surveillance system has extended monitoring channels to pathogenic microbiology laboratories, vector organisms, and urban sewage monitoring sites. Vector surveillance has covered ecological, pathogen, and resistance monitoring, which has effectively ensured the smooth flow of information.

面对传染病的新形势，中国加强疾控领域新技术新产品的开发应用，提升多联多价疫苗自主研发能力，成功推出自主研发的猴痘检测试剂，所研发的基孔肯雅病毒核酸检测产品也已成功获批上市。

Facing the new landscape of infectious diseases, China has intensified the development and application of new technologies and products in the disease control sector. China has enhanced its independent R&D capabilities for multivalent and combined vaccines, successfully launched a self-developed mpox detection reagent, and developed a nucleic acid detection product for the Chikungunya virus, which has also been granted marketing authorization.

Q3：中国在全球公共卫生治理中提供哪些经验？中国经验是否具有可复制性？

Q3:What has China done in global public health governance? Are China’s experiences replicable?

A：中国在疟疾防治，以及鼠疫、霍乱、人禽流感、登革热、炭疽等传统传染病疫情处置和猴痘等新发突发传染病疫情防控方面的经验，对于很多国家具有可复制性。中国在新冠疫情防控上取得重大决定性胜利，为全球抗疫提供宝贵经验。

China’s experience in malaria control, as well as in the containment of traditional infectious diseases such as plague, cholera, human avian influenza, dengue fever, and anthrax, along with its response to newly emerging and sudden infectious diseases like mpox, holds replicable value for many countries. China achieved a major and decisive victory in its combat against COVID-19 pandemic, which has provided valuable insights for global anti-pandemic efforts.

中国积极参加世界卫生组织、联合国艾滋病规划署等国际组织理事机制会议，建议性参与《国际卫生条例（2005）》修订、“大流行条约”的缔结谈判，深度参与全球公共卫生治理。与俄罗斯、韩国、印度尼西亚等国家相关部门签署合作协议，同时，实施非洲疾控中心公共卫生技术援助项目。2021年，中国援建塞拉利昂的塞中友好生物安全实验室，已于2024年9月通过验收。2023年11月，中国援建的非洲疾控中心“伍连德实验室”揭牌，这些都为当地提升传染病防控能力提供实实在在的帮助。

China actively participates in council mechanism meetings of international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). It constructively contributes to the revision of the International Health Regulations (2005)and negotiations on the "Pandemic Treaty," and deeply engages in global public health governance.

China has signed cooperation agreements with relevant authorities of countries including Russia, the Republic of Korea, and Indonesia. Meanwhile, it has implemented public health technical assistance projects for the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC).

In 2021, China supported the construction of the Sino-Sierra Leone Friendship Biosafety Laboratory in Sierra Leone, which passed acceptance inspection in September 2024. In November 2023, the Wu Lien-teh Laboratory—supported by China at Africa CDC—was officially inaugurated. All these efforts provide tangible support for local countries to strengthen their capacity in infectious disease prevention and control.

总策划：薛立胜

Executive Producer: Lisheng Xue

策划：蔡晓娟 张运兴

Planning Director: Xiaojuan Cai, Yunxing Zhang

统筹：刘佳

Project Coordinator: Jia Liu

供稿：中国疾控中心（中国预科院）主任（院长） 王健伟

编辑：韩雅洁

Editor: Jia Liu

推广：杨岳巍 金淳曦 常瑶 沈雪

Promotion: Yuewei Yang, Chunxi Jin, Yao Chang, Xue Shen

翻译：陈博渊

Translator：Boyuan Chen

编审：张艳玲 王月博

Managing Editor：Yanling Zhang, Yuebo Wang

【“医在中国Q&A”系列】

医在中国Q&A① | 中国医疗卫生服务体系的独特性是什么？

医在中国Q&A②丨中国医疗卫生服务网如何“铺满”基层？

医在中国Q&A③ | 如何为数以亿计的青少年构建一个更健康的未来？

医在中国Q&A④丨中国卫生健康科创水平如何？

医在中国Q&A⑤丨在全球卫生治理中，中国扮演了什么角色？

医在中国Q&A⑥丨中医药在促进人群健康方面发挥什么作用？