秉承东方古韵 品味审美意趣
先农坛作为古代帝王祈求风调雨顺、五谷丰登、国泰民安的重要场所，充分展现了古代帝王对农业的重视和对自然神灵的敬畏之情。如今，先农坛已不再具有农业方面的作用，但仍保留着与故宫同岁的古典建筑群，这些建筑群以其独特的建筑风格和精美的雕刻艺术，成为了北京古代建筑博物馆的所在地。在这里，人们可以领略到中国古代建筑的独特魅力，也可以深入了解中华文化的博大精深。
Once a pivotal site for imperial worship of the god of agriculture, the Temple of Agriculture symbolized the emperor's reverence for nature and their aspirations for bountiful harvests and prosperity. Although the Temple of Agriculture no longer serves its original agriculture function, it preserves classical structures contemporaneous with the Forbidden City. These architectural marvels now form the Beijing Ancient Architecture Museum, showcasing a distinctive style and intricate carving art. Here, visitors can appreciate the unique allure of ancient Chinese architecture and gain a profound understanding of Chinese culture.
博物馆内的展品包括各种古代建筑类型、建筑装饰、雕塑、壁画等，展示了中国古代建筑艺术的精湛技艺和丰富多样性。同时，博物馆还通过多媒体展示、互动体验等方式，让参观者能够更加深入地了解中国古代建筑的历史和文化内涵。
The exhibits in the museum include various types of ancient buildings, architectural decorations, sculptures, murals, and more, each highlighting the remarkable skills and artistic diversity of ancient Chinese architecture. Employing multimedia displays and interactive experiences, the museum provides a comprehensive exploration of the historical and cultural significance embodied in Chinese ancient architecture.
这个充满历史文化底蕴的建筑吸引许多中外游客前来参观学习，塔吉克斯坦留学生何洛晗也来到了这里，跟随中轴文化研究所研究员李晓莹一同开启了一场中国古建文化之旅，深入了解了古代建筑的构造、材料、工艺等方面的知识。
This building, rich in historical and cultural heritage, attracts numerous domestic and international tourists who come to visit and learn. Among them is He Luohan, a student from Tajikistan. Guided by Li Xiaoying, Researcher of Beijing Central Axis Culture Institute, He Luohan started a cultural tour to explore ancient Chinese architecture, delve into the structure, materials, craftsmanship, and other aspects of ancient architecture.
李晓莹带领何洛晗参观了先农坛的太岁殿、天宫藻井等建筑，并详细讲解了这些建筑的历史、结构、功能、色彩、装饰等方面的知识。让何洛晗特别感兴趣的是，这些建筑都与天文关系密切，它们都是按照中国古代的星象图来布局和设计的，体现了中国人“在天成象、在地成形”的思想。通过北京老城的一个沙盘，何洛晗看到了整条中轴线上的建筑都是和天上的星星相对应的。
Accompanied by Li Xiaoying, He Luohan visited the Tai Sui Hall (Hall of the God of the Year), the Celestial Well (Caisson Celling), and other buildings of the Temple of Agriculture. Li Xiaoying provided detailed explanations about the history, structure, function, color, decoration, and other aspects of these buildings. He Luohan was particularly intrigued by the close relationship between these buildings and astronomy, as they were all laid out and designed according to the ancient Chinese star map, reflecting the Chinese concept of mirroring heavenly images on earth. From a sand table of the old city of Beijing, He Luohan saw that the buildings on the Central Axis corresponded to the stars in the sky.
榫卯结构专家刘安向何洛晗详细介绍了榫卯结构，这是一种古老而又经典的建筑结构，由榫头和卯眼组成，可以在不使用一根钉子和胶水的情况下，使两个建筑构件牢固地结合在一起。刘安还带何洛晗看了斗拱结构，这是榫卯结构最精妙的体现，它上承屋檐、下接立柱，可以说是古建筑里面顶天立地的存在了。尤其在地震中，斗拱结构可以以柔克刚巧妙地化解地震给古建筑带来的冲击力。刘安说，能让先辈的榫卯智慧走向世界，是他们当代工匠的一份责任和愿景。他希望通过自己的努力和传承，让更多人了解和欣赏中国的传统建筑文化，让这种古老的智慧在现代社会中焕发出新的光彩。
Liu An, Expert of Mortise and Tenon Structure, introduced He Luohan to this ancient and classic architectural technique. The mortise and tenon structure comprises of tenons and mortises, which can securely connect two architectural components without the use of nails or glue. Liu An also showed He Luohan the Dougong Bracket, which is the most exquisite manifestation of the mortise and tenon technique, which supports the eaves and connects the pillars. It's reasonable to say that it is the mainstay of ancient buildings. Especially in the earthquake, Dougong brackets can effectively dissolve the impact of the earthquake on the ancient buildings using flexibility to counteract rigidity. Liu An said that it is the responsibility and vision of contemporary craftsmen to share the ancestral wisdom of with the world. He hopes that through his efforts and inheritance, more people can understand and appreciate China's traditional architectural culture, allowing this ancient wisdom to shine in modern society.
北京城建园林集团下属北京市园林古建工程有限公司李燕肇向何洛晗介绍了彩画，这是一种在古建筑上进行的绘画艺术，它有着丰富的色彩和形式，可以增添建筑的美感和气氛。彩画有着悠久的历史，可以追溯到古代中国，它不仅是一种装饰艺术，更是一种文化符号，体现了古代建筑师和画家的智慧和才华。“我的工作就是让我们的古都风貌永不褪色。” 李燕肇说。
Li Yanzhao, Bejing Landscape and Traditional ChineseArchitectural Engineering Co.,Ltd, introduced He Luohan to Colored Paintings on ancient architecture, which features rich colors and forms that add beauty and atmosphere to the buildings. Colored Painting has a long history dating back to ancient China. It is not only a decorative art, but also a cultural symbol, reflecting the wisdom and talent of ancient architects and painters. "The significance of my work lies in ensuring that the cultural essence of our ancient capital never fades." Li Yanzhao said.
李燕肇详细讲解了和玺彩画、旋子彩画和苏式彩画等三种主要的彩画形式，它们各有特点和等级，用在不同的建筑和部位上体现不同的意义和风格。和玺彩画是最高级的彩画形式，主要用于宫殿、庙宇等重要建筑，它的图案丰富、色彩鲜艳、寓意深远、代表着皇家的尊严和权威；旋子彩画是一种较为常见的彩画形式，主要用于一般性的建筑，它的图案简洁明了，色彩明快，给人一种清新自然的感觉；苏式彩画是一种具有江南特色的彩画形式，主要用于园林建筑，它的图案细腻，色彩柔和，给人一种宁静雅致的感觉。
Li Yanzhao explained in detail the three main forms of painting: Hexi Colored Painting. Xuanzi Colored Painting. and Suzhou-style Colored Painting. Each of these forms has its own characteristics and levels, suitable for different buildings and parts, reflecting distinct meanings and styles. Hexi Colored Painting is the most advanced form, mainly used for important buildings such as palaces and temples. It has rich patterns, bright colors, and profound meanings, representing the dignity and authority of the royal family. Xuanzi Colored Painting is a more common form, mainly used for general buildings. It has simple and clear patterns, bright colors, and gives a fresh and natural feeling. Suzhou-style Colored Painting is a form with Jiangnan characteristics, mainly used for garden buildings. It has delicate patterns, and soft colors, and gives a quiet and elegant feeling.
何洛晗最后感慨地分享道：“我通过参观古建馆，深入挖掘了中国历史和文化的深厚底蕴。这种沉浸式的体验让我能够从不同的角度去欣赏和理解这些文化和历史，从而更好地领略到它们的独特魅力和深厚底蕴。”
He Luohan reflected on the trip, saying, "Through visiting the Ancient Architecture Museum, I have delved deeply into the profound historical and cultural heritage of China. This immersive experience has allowed me to appreciate and understand these cultures and histories from different perspectives, enabling me to better appreciate their unique charm and profound heritage."
